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英式英语和美式英语的区别主要体现在pronunciation and spelling上。
与英国人的固化与保守不同，美国人说英语崇尚的是：可见即可读！套俗一点的话就叫：有边读边。比如：Forehead 英式读[?f?rid]，美式就读[f?:rhed]；Medicine英式读[medsin]，i不发音，美式照读[medisin]。
1、懒元音：美国人发[a],[e],[i],[o],[u]这些元音没有英式区别明显，特别是轻声元音，他们不会为发o音把口弄圆，为u音把嘴撅长，也不为i音把唇拉平，所有这些几乎都向最容易发的[? ]音靠拢，比如choose和cheese差不多，family不读['f?mili]而读['f?m?li]。
2、喜欢把半元音[j],[w]，及次声元音省略掉，比如new, knew读[nu:]；forest把后面的i音省掉读成[f?:rst]而不是[f?:rist]，Jeremy读[d?ermi]而不是[d?eremi]。
3、滥用失去爆破音，英式中只有单词开头的st, sk, sp中的t, k, p音失去爆破改读d, g, b，而美式的t, k, p, tr等几个音，不论在字头字尾，只要前面接s，甚至是接ci, si, se, ce等音节,就一律失去爆破。比如city中的t因为前面有[si]音而读成[d]，即[sidi]；second中的c(k音)因为前面有[se]音也变成了[g]音，即[seg?nd]……而这些发音在英式中因为不是紧跟s而仍读[siti], [sek?nd]。
4、单词后部的t读成[d]音，letter,water, seattle, dirty……，只要t不在字头，大胆把它读作d音准没错！p也有读成b音的现象，不过没t这么严重，多见于双写pp之情况，如slipper。
【昆明英语培训学校】
具体示例及分析
General British & General American
GB GA
? ? kit, ship, bridge, milk, myth, busy …
? ? dress, step, neck, edge, shelf, friend…
? ? trap, tap, back, badge, hand, cancel …
? ? lot,stop, sock, possible, quality …
? ? truck,cup, suck, budge, pulse, trunk …
? ? foot, put, bush, full, good, look, wolf …
ɑ: ? bath,staff, brass, ask, dance, calf …
? ? cloth, cough, broth, cross, long …
?: ?r nurse, hurt, lurk, burst, jerk, term …
i: i fleece, speak, leave, feel, key, people …
e? e? face, tape, cake, raid, veil, steak, day …
ɑ: ɑ palm, psalm, father, bra, spa, larger …
?: ? thought, taught, sauce, jaw, broad …
?? o? goat,soap, joke, home, know, so …
u: u goose, loop, shoot, tomb, huge, view …
a? a? price, ripe, write, arrive, try, buy …
?? ?? choice,avoid, noise, join, toy, royal …
a? a? mouth, out, house, loud, crowd, cow …
?? ??(r near, beer, sincere, fear, beard …
e? e?(r square,care, fair, pear, scarce, vary …
ɑ: ɑ(r start, far, bark, carve,farm, heart …
?: ?(r north, for, short, scorch, born, warm …
?: o(r force, four, sport, porch, borne, story …
?? ??(r cure, poor, tourist, pure, plural, jury …
t d writer latter m e t al plenty Ottawa little
? Λ hot dog pot lock dock
ju: u: student tune tube
-r ~r card sport four teacher brother poor bear
-ary /ri/ → / ?ri/ secretary military dictionary necessary
-on / ?n/ → /An/ polygon pentagon automaton
-ile /ail/ → / ?l/ mobile fragile hostile juvenile
/S/ /Z/ version [英] /'v?:Sn/ [美] /'v?rZn/
Asia [英] /'eiSE/ [美] /'eiZE/
/w/ /hw/ white [英] /wait/ [美] /hwait/
whether [英] /'wee?/ [美] /'hwee?r/
【昆明英语培训学校】
Stress:
A. 以–ary和–ory结尾的词，英音重音放在第二音节，美音放在第一音节：
laboratory[英] /l?'b?r?tr?/ [美] /?l?br??t?ri,-?tori/
centenary [英] /sen'ti:n?r?/ [美] /s?n?t?n?ri,?s?nt??n?ri/
B. 以 –ate 结尾的词，英音重音放在第二音节，美音放在第一音节
dictate [英] /d?k'te?t/ [美] /?d?k?tet/
donate [英] /d??'ne?t/ [美] /?do?net, do?net/
C. 以 –arily 结尾的词，美音重音放在该词缀上，英音放在前面正常重音位置：
necessarily [英] /nes??ser?li/ [美] /?n?s??s?r?li,-?s?r-]/
D. 大多数复合词英音中的重音放在后，美音放在前：
[英] beef'steak else'where in'land mean'time mid'day
[美] 'beefsteak 'elsewhere 'inland 'meantime 'midday
个别一些词例外，刚好相反：
[英] 'baseball 'fingernail 'fireproof 'midsummer
[美] base'ball finger'nail fire'proof mid'summer
3. 个别单词发音
anti capsule clerk herb
[英] /'?nti/ /'k?psju:l/ /klɑ:k/ /[h?:b/
[美] /'?ntai/ /?k?psul/ /kl?k,klɑrk/ /?b,h?b/
leisure lever missile
[英] /'le??(r)/ /'li:v?(r)/ /'misail/
[美] /'li??,?l???/ /?l?v?,?liv?/ /?m?s?l/
progress schedule vase
[英] /'pr??ɡres/ /'?edju?l/ /vɑ:z/
[美] /?prɑɡ?r?s,-r?s, ?pro?ɡr?s/ /'sked?u?l/ /ves, vez, vɑz/
Spelling:
1. –our→ –or colour/color favourite/favorite neighbour/neighbor
2. –re → –er centre/center metre/meter theatre/theater
3. –ce → –se defence/defense offence/offense licence/license
4. –gramme→ –gram kilogramme/kilogram programme/program
5. –el/ –al dialled/dialed travelling/traveling jewellery/jewelry
6.–i(y)se→–i(y)ze analyse/analyze organize/organize memorise/memorize
【昆明英语培训学校】
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